![]() If the distribution of member forces and moments is affected by the stiffness distribution in the structure, for example when the structure is composed by different materials or materials with different time-dependent properties, the internal actions have to be derived using the final mean value dof the modulus of elasticity, for example: Emean,fin = Emean / (1 + ψ2 kdef) The deformation factor k def also appears in the relationships between the mean and final mean value of the modulus of elasticity ( and shear modulus, and slip modulus) for example: Emean,fin = Emean / (1 + kdef) The ULS, first-order, linear elastic analyses The final deflection u fin may be obtained by superimposing the creep deformations u creep on the instantaneous deformation u inst ![]() Instantaneous and creep deformations are related by the deformation factor k def : ucreep = kdef uinst ![]() ![]() After time-dependent deformation has taken place. ![]()
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